Anatomical Variations of Supraorbital, Infraorbital and Mental Foramen based on Gender and Side- A Review

The aim of the study is toreview the anatomical variations of supraorbital, Infraorbital and mental foramen related to gender and side in the dry skull. From our review, we found that supraorbital foramen lies 23.9mm right and 25.6mm left from the nasion approximately. Similarly we found that Infraorbital foramen lies in the maxillary bone lower to the edge of the orbital canal and it is bilateral, which contain Infraorbital nerve and vessels. The mean distance from the lower edge of the orbital cavity to the center of Infraorbital foramen do not show any significant differences regarding laterality in male and female individuals, both between genera, regardless of the side and regardless of genus. likewise mental foramen is found in the mandible which is oval or round in shape located at the interval between mandibular premolar, through which mental nerves and vessel passes. A review of the literature was revealed that incidence of 1.2% of the triple foramina after investigating dry skulls. From the comparisons of results from previous studies makes the large variation of the anatomical characteristics of all the foramen evident, not only due to diversity of the used parameters, but also due to the distinct investigated populations.